Technical Articles

In the tumor microenvironment, CD8+ T cell exhaustion is closely associated with metabolic dysregulation, particularly lipid metabolism disorder.

Developed by John Altman and Mark Davis in the late 1990s, MHC tetramer technology revolutionized the detection and analysis of antigen-specific T cells. By leveraging the high-affinity (Ka ~10^15 M⁻¹) biotin-streptavidin interaction, biotinylated pMHC complexes bind to fluorescent streptavidin, forming tetravalent probes. This enables direct visualization and quantification of specific T cells, representing a major milestone in immunology research.