Technical Articles

This article reviews the EPO/EPOR pathway in drug development: early recombinant erythropoietins, long-acting formats, tissue-protection directions and what these experiences teach about preclinical study design.

A practical guide to EPO-dependent proliferation assays (TF-1): reconstitution, aliquoting, diluent choice, carrier protein, cell state and dose-response design, with a checklist for inconsistent EC50 values.

EPO is a four-helix-bundle glycoprotein hormone acting through the EPOR-JAK2/STAT5 axis. This article explains erythroid development, glycosylation-driven molecular-weight heterogeneity and non-hematopoietic activities in vascular and neural research

CD44, also known as HCAM, PGP-1, and ECMR-III, is a transmembrane glycoprotein located on human chromosome 11 and a receptor for various ligands such as hyaluronic acid and osteopontin.

Why P53 has driven four decades of drug discovery yet remains unsolved, and how standardized recombinant P53 reagents support target validation, screening and mechanistic studies across the industry.

A practical guide to recombinant P53 protein as a research reagent: tag format, purification, activity validation, and how to design DNA-binding, reporter and mutant-comparison experiments around P53.

P53 (TP53) is the most studied tumor suppressor. This article breaks down its domain architecture, stress-activation mechanism, hotspot mutation spectrum, and the functional readouts and experimental interfaces commonly used in tumor research.

After figitumumab monotherapy failed, the IGF1R antibody field shifted toward combination treatment and biomarker stratification. This article traces the paradigm shift in IGF1R translational research and its in vitro tool support.

IGF1R/CD221 is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor family, assembled as an alpha2beta2 heterotetramer. This review covers its molecular architecture, IGF-1/IGF-2 ligand recognition, PI3K-AKT and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling, and key point

CD221/IGF1R Fc chimeric protein is a research tool for IGF-2 binding studies. This article covers Fc fusion design, HEK293-derived antigen QC, ELISA platform parameters and a three-class control troubleshooting path.