Technical Articles

Recent research published in *Advanced Science* (IF=14.3) revealed that in periodontitis, gingival fibroblast senescence is accompanied by overactivation of the mTOR pathway, leading to upregulated FAP expression and reduced endogenous inhibitor OLN, resulting in a FAP/OLN imbalance.

This article systematically elucidates the molecular characteristics and clinical significance of KRAS G12V, one of the most common oncogenic mutations, detailing its high-frequency distribution in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, as well as its mechanisms in driving tumorigenesis and progression. It also analyzes the challenges in developing traditional small-molecule drugs targeting this mutation.

Based on the clinical treatment challenges of multiple myeloma (MM), this article systematically elaborates on the limitations of existing therapies and the urgent need for novel immunotherapies. It analyzes the successful experience of CD19 CAR-T in B-cell malignancies and its challenges in MM due to target expression barriers. The molecular characteristics and expression advantages of BCMA as a MM plasma cell-specific surface antigen are discussed, providing a theoretical foundation for its suitability as a CAR-T therapy target.

This article systematically elucidates the physiological functions and pathological mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, focusing on its short-term controllable mechanisms in normal cellular signal regulation and its signal dysregulation caused by mutations in lung cancer. It analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of EGFR mutations in Chinese lung cancer patients and the structural basis of different mutation subtypes, while exploring their clinical value as biomarkers for targeted therapy.

This article addresses the challenges of intraoperative tumor identification in colorectal cancer surgery, systematically elucidating the principles and advantages of near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology as it evolves from NIR-I to NIR-II. It analyzes the molecular basis of CEACAM5 as a specific imaging target for colorectal cancer and its significant expression differences between tumor and normal tissues, explores the clinical translation potential of this targeted imaging strategy in achieving precise tumor resection, and introduces the application of fluorescently labeled recombinant proteins in target validation and imaging research.

This article systematically elaborates on the domain composition of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) as a type I transmembrane protein, the molecular mechanisms by which it mediates non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, its differential expression characteristics in normal tissues and various malignant tumors, and the research progress in its role as a therapeutic target for tumors. Furthermore, it introduces the application value of fluorescently labeled recombinant proteins in detection.

This article systematically elaborates on the molecular structural characteristics of Syndecan-1 (CD138) as a core member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family, its regulatory mechanisms of expression under physiological and pathological conditions, and its research progress in tumorigenesis, development, and liquid biopsy. On this basis, it also introduces the application value of fluorescence-labeled recombinant protein detection.

This article systematically elaborates on the overview of the CEACAM family to which carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5/CD66e) belongs, the structural characteristics of the protein, its expression patterns under physiological and pathological conditions, and its clinical significance in tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy. On this basis, it introduces the application value of fluorescently labeled recombinant proteins in detection.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 5 (CEACAM5), also known as Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) or CD66e, was first identified in 1965 by Gold and Freedman in extracts of human colon cancer tissue. It is the earliest discovered member of the CEACAM family and the origin of the family's name.

Glypican-3 (GPC3), as a hepatocellular carcinoma-specific tumor antigen, has become a crucial target in the field of precision medicine. By combining the targeting specificity of GPC3 with the superior fluorescence performance of Alexa Fluor 647, the developed fluorescently labeled chimeric protein provides a highly sensitive and specific research tool for tumor marker detection, cell phenotype identification, and targeted drug development.