Technical Articles

This article focuses on the molecular characteristics and physiological functions of erythropoietin (EPO), systematically elaborating its core role as the sole key hormone regulating erythropoiesis in maintaining the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the body, and analyzing its therapeutic value in medicine and the pathophysiological consequences of its abuse in sports competitions.

This article focuses on the molecular characteristics and biological functions of erythropoietin (EPO), systematically elaborating its central role as a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the kidneys in regulating erythropoiesis, analyzing the molecular mechanisms of its regulation by hypoxia-inducible factors, and exploring its multiple pharmacological potentials in tissue protection.

This article systematically elaborates on the molecular characteristics of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) as a member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β superfamily and its expression regulation under cardiovascular pathological conditions, analyzing its clinical value in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis assessment of acute coronary syndrome.

Unmet clinical needs in anticoagulation therapy and the target value of coagulation factor XI.

The unique role of coagulation factor XI in the coagulation cascade.

Erythropoietin is the primary factor regulating erythropoiesis in mammals and belongs to the glycoprotein hormone family. In adult humans, approximately 90% of erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidneys, produced by peritubular interstitial cells and secreted into the bloodstream.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, as a key molecule regulating cholesterol metabolism, has garnered significant attention in recent years.

Hematopoietic stem cells are a critical cell population responsible for maintaining lifelong hematopoietic function, and their fate decisions between self-renewal and differentiation are precisely regulated by various cytokines and extracellular matrices within the bone marrow niche (niche).

The vascular system, as a life-sustaining network that spans the entire body to deliver nutrients and signals, is particularly important for the construction of in vitro models.

Interleukin-3 (IL-3), also known as Multi-CSF, is a key member of the hematopoietic growth factor family. Unlike IL-2, which primarily acts on mature lymphocytes, the core function of IL-3 lies in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of early hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, exerting broad influence on the development of myeloid cells and the activity of various immune cells.