Technical Articles

This article focuses on the molecular characteristics and physiological functions of erythropoietin (EPO), systematically elaborating its core role as the sole key hormone regulating erythropoiesis in maintaining the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the body, and analyzing its therapeutic value in medicine and the pathophysiological consequences of its abuse in sports competitions.

This article focuses on the molecular characteristics and biological functions of erythropoietin (EPO), systematically elaborating its central role as a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the kidneys in regulating erythropoiesis, analyzing the molecular mechanisms of its regulation by hypoxia-inducible factors, and exploring its multiple pharmacological potentials in tissue protection.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the central cytokine regulating erythropoiesis in the body, not only governing oxygen homeostasis but also serving as a critical therapeutic target for various diseases.

In the battlefield of cancer treatment, immunotherapy was once regarded as a revolutionary breakthrough, especially checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which brought hope to many patients.