Technical Articles

This article focuses on the central role of gamma interferon in T-cell detection of tuberculosis infection, systematically elaborating on the immunological principles and methodological procedures of IGRA technology, and analyzing its clinical application value and limitations in latent tuberculosis screening and auxiliary diagnosis of active tuberculosis.

This article focuses on the complex role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in tumor immunity, systematically elucidating its anti-tumor mechanisms mediated through activating immune cells, promoting antigen presentation, and inducing chemokine production, while also analyzing its pro-tumor effects under specific conditions, such as inducing immune cell apoptosis, upregulating immune checkpoint molecules, and promoting angiogenesis.

Th1 cell polarization is a core process in adaptive immune responses, precisely driven by key cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-γ. This process shapes type 1 immunity characterized by macrophage activation and cytotoxic T cell responses, serving as a cornerstone for eliminating intracellular pathogens.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a crucial cytokine in the immune system, serving as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and plays a complex and pivotal role in combating infections, suppressing tumors, and the development of autoimmune diseases.

**Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)**, the sole member of the type II interferon family, differs from the primarily antiviral type I interferons by specializing in immune regulation. It is predominantly produced by activated immune cells, including **Natural Killer (NK) cells** which serve as the innate immune system's rapid-response force and are the primary early source of IFN-γ.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells demonstrate broad application prospects in adoptive immunotherapy for tumors. As a highly efficient, non-MHC-restricted killer cell population, CIK cells can effectively recognize and eliminate various tumor cells with minimal side effects.

Th2 cells, as a crucial subset of CD4+ helper T cells, undergo a precisely regulated differentiation process. Naïve CD4+ T cells recognize the MHC class II-peptide complex on the surface of antigen-presenting cells through their T cell receptor, receiving the first signal; simultaneously, they obtain the second signal through costimulatory molecules such as CD28, thereby completing the dual-signal activation.

IFN - γ, as the only member of type II interferon, plays a central regulatory role in the immune system. Its biological function far exceeds the initially discovered antiviral effect, and it has been confirmed that IFN - γ is involved in regulating multiple immune response processes, including innate and adaptive immunity.