Technical Articles

MHC molecules can bind antigenic peptides derived from pathogens and present them to T cells, thereby initiating an immune response. MHC tetramers are a powerful tool designed based on this principle.

GPC3 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan located on the cell membrane surface and is a hepatocellular carcinoma-specific associated antigen. This protein is composed of a complex glycoconjugate formed by the covalent linkage of proteins, lipids, and sugars, and is anchored to the cell membrane surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor.

TNFR-1/CD120a protein is a typical member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and its gene is located on the short arm of human chromosome 12. This protein consists of 455 amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular weight of approximately 55 kilodaltons, and belongs to the type I transmembrane glycoprotein.

Interleukin-3 belongs to the hematopoietic growth factor family, a structurally stable class of small glycoprotein cytokines with a molecular weight of approximately 14 to 28 kilodaltons.

T细胞介导的免疫应答在抗病毒免疫中发挥核心作用。准确识别和定量分析病毒抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞是解析抗病毒免疫机制、评估疫苗效果和监测感染后免疫状态的关键技术环节。

T cell-mediated immune responses play a central role in tumor immune surveillance and autoimmune regulation. The accurate identification and quantitative analysis of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are key technical steps in deciphering immune response mechanisms and evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Regulatory T cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells with immunosuppressive functions, playing a central role in maintaining immune system homeostasis, preventing autoimmune responses, and regulating the intensity of immune responses.

Helper T cell 2, as an important functional subset of CD4⁺ T cells, plays a central role in humoral immune responses, allergic reactions, and anti-parasitic infections.

Helper T cells are the central regulatory cells of the adaptive immune response, coordinating different types of immune reactions by secreting characteristic cytokines and expressing specific transcription factors.

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family holds a unique position in the immune system, primarily participating in innate immune responses compared to other cytokine families.