Technical Articles

This article focuses on the pivotal role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. It systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which GM-CSF acts as a "communication conduit" between CAR-T cells and myeloid cells, analyzes its dual pathways of exacerbating cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT) by triggering inflammatory cytokine cascades and recruiting immunosuppressive cells, and explores the potential of targeting the GM-CSF signaling pathway as a mitigation strategy.

This article systematically elaborates on the molecular characteristics of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), its cellular sources, and the receptor-mediated signal transduction mechanisms. It analyzes its multifaceted roles in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, the regulation of myeloid cell functions, and anti-tumor immune responses.

This article focuses on the complex role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in tumor immunity, systematically elucidating its anti-tumor mechanisms mediated through activating immune cells, promoting antigen presentation, and inducing chemokine production, while also analyzing its pro-tumor effects under specific conditions, such as inducing immune cell apoptosis, upregulating immune checkpoint molecules, and promoting angiogenesis.

This article systematically elaborates on the molecular characteristics and expression distribution of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) as a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family, analyzes its signaling network regulating B-cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation through three receptors (BAFFR, TACI, BCMA), and explores the abnormal expression of BAFF in various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and its pathogenic mechanisms.

This article systematically elucidates the structural characteristics and functional diversity of B-cell activating factor (BAFF), detailing its various forms from membrane-bound to soluble trimers and 60-mers, along with their biological significance. It analyzes the signaling networks through which BAFF regulates B-cell survival and differentiation via its three receptors (BAFFR, TACI, BCMA), and explores the pathological association between BAFF overexpression and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

This article focuses on the central role of the CD3 antigen in the development of bispecific antibody drugs, systematically elaborating on the structural basis and physiological necessity of the heterodimer formation between CD3E and CD3G, and analyzing the critical role of CD3 antibody affinity in balancing efficacy and safety.

This paper systematically elucidates the structural characteristics, expression profiles, and biological functions of CD6 and CD37 as key molecules on the surface of lymphocytes, analyzes their synergistic and complementary roles in T cell activation, B cell regulation, and immune synapse formation, and explores their potential as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases and tumor immunotherapy.

This article systematically elucidates the pivotal role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the pathological progression of acute ischemic stroke, analyzes its close association with blood-brain barrier disruption, hemorrhagic transformation, and neurological functional outcomes, and further introduces the application value of murine MMP-9 recombinant protein in basic research and preclinical testing.

This article systematically elaborates on the molecular characteristics of IL-15, its cellular sources, and its unique receptor trans-presentation mechanism. It analyzes the extensive regulatory functions of this signaling axis on key immune cell populations such as NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells through multiple pathways including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK.

This article systematically elucidates the molecular structure of IL-27 as a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, its signal transduction mechanisms, and its complex regulatory functions in tumor immunity, autoimmune diseases, obesity-related inflammation, and viral infections. It reveals its dual effects mediated through the JAK/STAT pathway—both anti-tumor and pro-tumor—as well as its context-dependent anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory characteristics.