Technical Articles

T lymphocytes, as the core cells of adaptive immune responses, play an irreplaceable role in anti-infection, anti-tumor, and immune regulation.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as the sole member of type II interferons, exhibits complex dual functions in tumor immune regulation.

APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand, TNFSF13) is an important member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily and functions as a type II transmembrane protein.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 is an important inhibitory receptor member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a four α-helix bundle cytokine primarily produced by CD4⁺ T cells, playing a central role in the regulation of adaptive immunity.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine of the γ-chain family that plays an important role in mammalian immune regulation, but its function in fish has not been systematically elucidated.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a crucial cytokine in the immune system, serving as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and plays a complex and pivotal role in combating infections, suppressing tumors, and the development of autoimmune diseases.

**Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)**, the sole member of the type II interferon family, differs from the primarily antiviral type I interferons by specializing in immune regulation. It is predominantly produced by activated immune cells, including **Natural Killer (NK) cells** which serve as the innate immune system's rapid-response force and are the primary early source of IFN-γ.

Within the intricate immune system of the human body, the Interleukin (IL) family assumes a pivotal role. Among its members, IL-6, as a significant constituent, is intricately involved not only in immune regulation, hematopoiesis, and inflammatory processes but also closely associated with the onset and progression of various diseases. This article delves into the biological characteristics, physiological functions, and roles of the IL-6 family in disease contexts.