Technical Articles

Ovarian cancer, as the most lethal type of gynecological malignancy, is mostly diagnosed in the advanced stage and is prone to developing chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, immunotherapy has brought new hope to patients with advanced ovarian cancer, especially T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy and vaccine strategies. However, how to accurately identify and amplify T cells that can specifically recognize ovarian cancer-related antigens has become a key scientific issue in this field. MHC tetramer technology, as the "gold standard" for antigen-specific T cell detection, is gradually becoming an important tool for exploring the immune response mechanism of ovarian cancer and optimizing immunotherapy regimens.

Ovarian cancer, as the most lethal gynecological malignancy, faces significant challenges in early diagnosis. About 75% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, with a five-year survival rate of less than 30%. In this clinical dilemma, the discovery of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) has brought new hope for early screening and precise diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer, as the deadliest gynecological malignancy, has a five-year survival rate of less than 50%, primarily attributed to late-stage diagnosis, strong heterogeneity, and low response rates to immunotherapy. Despite breakthroughs with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various solid tumors, the objective response rate (ORR) in ovarian cancer remains below 15%.