Technical Articles

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key cytokine with bidirectional immunomodulatory functions. In 1984, IL-2 was first applied clinically using a high-dose administration regimen to activate conventional T cells.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune system dysregulation, which produces a large number of autoantibodies and attacks multiple organ systems, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage.

The BAFF&APRIL heterotrimeric protein is an innovative recombinant tool that precisely mimics the complex signaling environment in vivo. By fusing B-cell activating factor (BAFF/BLyS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in a heterotrimeric form with a histidine tag, it provides an unprecedented high-fidelity platform for studying the synergistic mechanisms of abnormal B-cell activation, survival, and antibody production.

Macrophage Migration Inhibition Factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has long been considered a key regulatory molecule in both innate and adaptive immune responses.