Technical Articles

B7-H3 is a newly discovered immune checkpoint in recent years, belonging to the B7 superfamily, and is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein. Human B7-H3 possesses four conserved structural cysteines, an extracellular domain composed of IgC-like and IgV-like domains, and distinct intracellular domains.

B7-H3 is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the B7 family of immune co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, encoded by chromosome 15q24. It consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular domain, with no known signaling motifs.

Siglecs are a family of receptors that bind to sialic acid-containing glycans, belonging to the single-pass type I membrane proteins. Their extracellular region consists of 2 to 17 immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, with an N-terminal V-set Ig domain that binds sialic acid and a variable number of C2-set Ig domains.

TGF-β1 protein is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, development, apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and cancer.

IRAK4 is a key adaptor molecule in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathways. TLR and IL-1R share conserved TIR domains and activate similar signaling pathways.

During tumor formation, the immune system undergoes systemic changes. In myeloid cells, bone marrow progenitor populations and immunosuppressive immature monocytes and neutrophils are mobilized into the bloodstream.

IFN-γ protein is the sole member of the type II interferon family, primarily produced by activated T cells, natural killer cells, and NKT cells. This protein binds to the receptor complex composed of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 subunits on the cell surface, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and regulating the expression of multiple genes.

Melanoma-associated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immune responses. Tyrosinase-related protein 2 is a differentiation antigen highly expressed in melanoma cells and belongs to the tumor-associated antigen family. Its derived antigenic peptides can be presented by MHC class I molecules, eliciting specific T-cell immune responses.

Tumor-associated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in tumor immune surveillance. Accurate identification and quantitative analysis of tumor antigen-specific T cells are key technical steps in elucidating anti-tumor immune mechanisms, evaluating immunotherapy efficacy, and monitoring disease progression.

T cell-mediated immune responses play a central role in tumor immune surveillance and autoimmune regulation. The accurate identification and quantitative analysis of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are key technical steps in deciphering immune response mechanisms and evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy.