Technical Articles

Interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, forming a high-affinity heterodimeric receptor complex with the common gamma chain (γc) to mediate IL-21 signal transduction.

The Human IL21/IL21R Binding Kit is an in vitro biochemical research tool designed for precise quantification and kinetic analysis of the interaction between interleukin-21 and its specific receptor.

IL-23 (interleukin-23) is a key member of the IL-12 cytokine family, primarily functioning to drive and maintain type III immune responses characterized by IL-17 production.

Interleukin-13 is a core effector cytokine of type 2 immune responses, whose primary function is not to initiate immune reactions but to directly act on non-hematopoietic tissue cells, executing the terminal step of immune instructions—tissue remodeling.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a pivotal cytokine in the immune system that regulates lymphocyte production, homeostasis, and survival. Unlike IL-2, which primarily activates effector functions, or IL-4, which drives specific differentiation, the core role of IL-7 lies in providing continuous survival signals for T cells and B cells, serving as the "fundamental life-support factor" for maintaining the size and diversity of the adaptive immune cell repertoire.

TNFR-1, also known as CD120a, is one of the most important receptors for tumor necrosis factor. It serves as a "master switch" for inflammation and cell death programs, playing a central role in immune defense, tissue homeostasis, and disease development.