Technical Articles

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors in the digestive system, with a 5-year survival rate consistently below 10%. KRAS gene mutation is the earliest and most common driving event in the development and progression of PDAC.

The KRAS gene is one of the most frequently mutated driver genes in tumors and plays a critical role in various malignant cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer.

KRAS gene mutation is one of the most common driver gene variations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), widely involved in the occurrence and development of tumors.

The RAS gene family is the most widely mutated oncogene in tumors, accounting for approximately 20% to 30% of all tumor mutations, and includes three subtypes: KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS.

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC) is a revolutionary drug development platform that harnesses the cell's own ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade disease-causing proteins.

The Human KRAS[G13D]/CRBN PROTAC Binding Kit is an innovative in vitro biochemical research toolkit, not a traditional cytokine or probe.

Macrophage polarization is a core regulatory event in immune responses, with cytokines serving as the "chemical instructions" guiding this process.

Immune checkpoints are the core molecules that maintain immune response homeostasis, divided into "adaptive immune checkpoints" that regulate T cells and other cells, and "innate immune checkpoints" that regulate macrophages and other cells. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP - α/CD172A) serves as a key natural immune checkpoint, constructing the "Don't Eat Me" signaling pathway by binding to ligand CD47. Under physiological conditions, it protects healthy cells from excessive phagocytosis, while tumor cells hijack this pathway to evade immune clearance.

PD-L1 targeted antibodies, as the core force of tumor immunotherapy, restore the killing ability of T cells against tumors by blocking the immunosuppressive binding of PD-L1 and PD-1. Currently, it has become the standard treatment for 16 specific cancers and unlimited indications.

Since the innovation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in tumor treatment, the search for innate immune regulatory targets has become a key direction to overcome the limitations of existing therapies. The CD47 signaling regulatory protein alpha (SIRP alpha, also known as SHPS1) axis is considered a potential target in the field of tumor immunity due to its regulation of the "self recognition" function of innate immune cells such as macrophages.