Product Application

Ubiquitin is a 76-amino acid molecule with a relative molecular mass of 8.5 kDa. In the human genome, four genes encode ubiquitin: UBC, UBB, UBA52, and UBA80. In an ATP-dependent manner, ubiquitin conjugates to substrate lysine residues through the action of the E1-E3 enzyme cascade, leading to mono-ubiquitination, multiple mono-ubiquitination, or poly-ubiquitination of the substrate. Proteins covalently modified by ubiquitin are recognized and degraded by the proteasome, representing a universal pathway for the degradation of short-lived and misfolded proteins within cells.